Safety apparatus for railways.



S. L; ADELSO N. SAFETY APPARATUS FOR RAILWAYS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18, 1908.

Patented 0013.20, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

S. L. ADELSON'.

SAFETY'APPARATUS FOR RAILWAYS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18, 1908.

Patented Oct. 20, 1908.

a, )1 awvom tpz A H Home) Jamae/Ziflaeixozz 561 attorney; y

To all whom it may concern:

UNITED SA U L-L. Anni-sen, on NEW Your; N. v, ASSIGNOR or ONE-HALF T0 MAURICE ADELSON,

l, orrion.

OF YORK, N. Y.

y SAFETY m mentos son nsrmvsrs.

Specification of Letters E'etent.

Application filed March 13, 1908. Serial No. @QLBZE. I

Be it known that I, SAMUEL L. Annnson, a citizen of theUnited States ot i'lmerica, and residing at llew York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments'in Safety Apparatus for Railways, of which the following is a specification, such as *ill enable those skilled in. the art to which it-appcrtains to make and use the same.

This inventionrelates to railways and the object thereof is to providemeans for preventing collisions of the cars or trains on said railway, in either direction for single track railways, or rear end collisions, on doubletrack railways; a further object be I ing to provide such an apparatus which notipredetermined ing to provide fies the operator of a car or train that he is approaching another car or train within a distance; a further object besuch a device which is auto matically set by a preceding car for warning described and claimed in my a Iollowing' car; a further object'bcing to provide such a device whiclnis automatically released when the preceding car has passed -'bevond the said predetermined distance; a

still further object being to provide means whereby said warning is operated if an acci dent destroys the connections of the apparatus with the car and a still further object being to provide such a device which is positive in operation, simple in construction, comparatively inexpensive, well. adapted for the purpose for which it is intended and which is an improvement over thatshown, patent of the United States of America, No. 807 ,009, of Dec. 12, 1905.

The invention is fully described in the following spcciiication, offwhich the accompanying drawings form a part in which the .track apparatus used in my invention;

separate parts are designated by the same reference characters in each of the views, and in which Figure 1 is a diagrammaticshowiing of the Fig.

2 is a rear'end. of a car andshowin dia grammatically, the car apparatus; Fig. 8 is anenlarged plan view of thc'car apparatus; Fig. 4 1s an enlarged plan view of one unit of thetrack apparatus, with its connections;

and Fig. 5 is a detail View of one element of the construction.

' are the a complete electrical circuit is,

In the drawings forming a part of this application, I. have shown. aportion 0, of railway, which, at. predetermined points is divided into a plurality of blocks a a a and c oi: which a is the first and a the last of a series of said blocks of any desired number.

In each of the blocks, 1 provide acasingy 7), b 7)3 and Z), each of which is provided with electromiagnets c, 0 c 0 and d 01 d and al respectively, the former of which setting magi'icts and the latter thereleasing magnets, and adjacent each of said magnets is a pivoted armature 0 0, 0 ,02.

and (Z 56, al and (Z respectively, adapted to be attracted by the corresponding magnets, each of the said armatures being normally forced awav from the said magnets by springs c and d. l

Upon each side of the track a, I provide a plurality of contacts, of which thoseupon the right side, 0, 0 e and 6* are practically continuous, while upon the opposite. side are the contacts 72f f and. f*,-; and h, 72/ h and ii, the tormer of which are connected with the magnets '0, 0 c and 0 respectively, whereas the contacts last named are connected with the magnets (Z, (Z cl? and (Z and which are located in the block preceding that of each of the said last named contacts, and

all of said contacts are in connection with the ground by means of wires 2', the first mentioned connections between the contacts 7 f and f and magnets c, c", c and 0* being designated '5 and those between the contacts 71., h h

by the reference character and h and magnets (I, (.1 d and (Z, by the reference character Each of the magnets c,

of suliicient power to attract the armature thereof, normally, and each of the said armatures are adapted to bridge a broken ground connection i of the contacts 6, e 6 and 6 when attracted by the corresponding magnet, and said armatures, when withdrawn from the magnets, by the springs acting thereon, are held away from the magnets by the armatures (F, d, (F and (i through the medium of a pin ii on the last named armatures, and, by reference to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the-track contacts are arranged at a certain height from the ground.

0 c and c are in ber thereof may be employed.

railway, n provided with a plurality of spring actuated arms extending outwardly,

- the block a transversely, therefrom, to strike the contacts a battery 8, a switch m and switch k therein, bell, normally,

arms'm is duplicated for the "through 2'", throughm, battery .arni m 'and the armature m is attracted a'ivay 'from the' contacts of the circuit m thereby breaking the same,;although the arm by the pin in such manneras hereinbefore men-' tioned, each of said arms being adapted to bridge two spring plates-is and k arranged in electrical circuits, upon a, movement, ,in either direction, of the said arms upon their pivots, there being, preferably, two arms upon each side of the said car, but any num} The arms'upon the-right side of-the car are designatedby the reference characters m in electrical connection with each other by .m'eans of conductors m3 and with the ground by means of a conductor at through and an electromagnet m having a pivoted armature m adapted to bridge two contacts in an electrical circuitoat m and the plates [a and 10 are also correspondingly connected by means of condllCtOI S k and kflrespectiv ely, which are in connection with a circuit m having a bell 10 when the plates 10 and k are bridged by the movement of the arms at in either direction; This arrangement of the 7 arms n and at opposite the arms m and both sets of saidarmsv are also adapted to be grounded through a conductor n directly, by means of a switch a equipped with my appa- Supposing a car,

the block a? from leftto Bright with the parts in-the position shown;

the arms mflengaging the contact e," grounds and a circuit is completed.

s, m, magnet m, m and mfhad bridged the plates and k to complete thiscircuit, and the bell is not operated. i

' The arm n engages the contact fand a circuit is completed therethrough, through Ii; to ground, to magnet m through m, battery 8,

and back to-arm '11 and the magnet c is shortcircuited, permitting the armature 0 to be drawn away by the spring '0 and be engaged 2' thereby setting my apparatus fora following car, and-this operation is repeated, of short-circuiting the magnets 0 c and'c of all the blocks of the system, and thus setting the track apparatus to alarm following cars, it being understood that the magnets c and m are relatively so arranged that the magnet m will drop its armature on closing the shunt circuit;

When the arm n engages the contacts 72, 71 k and- If, in turn, a circuit is completed, for

through the conductor 2', magnet a, ground, magnet m through m and through m and arm n, thus energizing the magnet d, attracting the armaturethereof,

closed to actuate the g .of the following vtus, these features,

eon-see (Z and releasing the armature c", permittin it to be attracted by the magnet 0 which has been completely energized by thearmn havmg passed from the contact f, and the apparatus is'in the primaryor normalcondition previous to the entranceof the car thereinto. If, however, a'following 'car had entered the block a? while the preceding car was also therein, previous to the engagement of the arm awith the contact 72, to release the armature c, then the ground 2' "would have been broken because ofthe fact that the armature c was down, and the movement of the .arm mflinclined by contact with e, bridges 70 and 7.; and, the ground 2' being broken, no circuit. through the magnet m armature m circuit m and the said bell is energized and notifies the engineer that a car is in'the same block in :front of him and the ringing continues until the preceding car passes from the same block.

The operations thus far described are repeated in each of the'blocks of the system, vizz-the setting of the track apparatus for a following car, the alarming of the engineer 4 car and the, releasing ofthe track apparatus after a car has passed from a block, includingthe short-circuiting of the magnets c, c ,etc. the energizing of the magnets cZ, (Z etc, as well as of themagnets m, and the prevention of said alarm if the track is thereby not moved and the 'In practice, I prefer to duplicate the car through, the bell is complete so results, and the apparatus in order that I may throw either sideof said apparatus into an operative and inoperative or inoperative and operative position, according to the direction of movement of the car and tothe character of'the railway, and I also prefer to use two arms tails and not bearing upon'the spirit of the invention nor the obj ect'thereof.

It will therefore be seen that I provide an on each side of the car in order to assure a more positive contact'with the track apparaas well as others which may suggest themselves, being merely dealarm device which is absolute in opera tion, even in the event of the connections being broken or removed, providing that the setting portion thereof be intact and, indeed, if the track apparatus electrical connections be entirely broken or 'removed, an alarm will be given in a car as soon as'the arm on the side thereofis inclined by contact with any exterior object,- thus'notii'ying an engineer that something is wrong, either that a car 'is in the same block or thatthe apparatus has been injured, this result following from the fact that it is an open circuit inthe track apparatus which permits the actuation of the alarm and the closing of a circuit there. through;

Having fully described my invention,

what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. A safety apparatus for railways, comprising a track apparatus arranged in blocks,

a car, an alarm thereon, arms pivoted on said car, contacts adapted to be engaged by said arms and m electrical connection with said track apparatus, an electrical circuit on said car thronghsaid alarm and closed upon thev movement of one of said arms on its pivot and an electricalcircuit closed through another of said arms and the-track apparatus for maintaining said alarm circuit in an open position when the track apparatus is ,set at'normal safe position.

nection with the trackapparatus, a' circuitthrough said alarm and adapted to be closed when one of said arms is moved on its pivot, a circuit through said arm, its contact and thctraclz; apparatus for setting the same at danger and a circuit through said car and track apparatus, when set .at safety, for breaking said alarm circuit.

A safety apparatus for railways, comprising a track apparatus arranged in blocks, a car, an'alarm thereon, a track contact'in electrical cotmection with the track apparatus, an arm movable on said car adaptedto engage with said contact and means connected withsaid arm for closing on electrical circuit through said alarm when said arm is moved out of normal position.

A safety apparatus for railways, comprising a track apparatus arranged in blocks, a car, an alarm thereon, an arm movable on said car, a contact forsaid arm in electrical connection withthe track apparatus and contacts on said car, in electrical connection with said alarm, adapted to be bridged by said arm when moved out of normal position and thereby close said alarm circuit.

A safety apparatus for railways, comprising a track apparatus arranged in blocks, a car, an alarm thereon, an arm movable thereon, a circuitadapted to be closed through said alarm by the movement of said arm, a. magnet in said track apparatus provided with acircuit breaker armature, a contact for said arm forshunting a normal circuit through said magnet, a supplemental arm on said car and a contact therefor grounded through said armature when the shunt circuit is open and arranged in a cir-- euit-imlintaining said alarm circuit in an open position while the normal magnet circuit is operative, said shunt circuit serving to set saidtrack apparatus at danger.

6. A safety device for railways, comprising a track apparatus arranged in blocks, a

car, movable arms thereon, an alarm therein, a circuit through said alarm closed by the movement of one of said arms, asetting magnet in said track apparatus in temporary electrical connectionwith said arm, a circuit through another of said arms and through said track apparatus when said setting magnet is normally actuated and serving to opensaid alarm circuit and a contact in a block ahead for said first named arm and arranged ir. an electrical circuit includ-- ing a releasing magnet for returning the set ting magnet, when set, to normal position.

7. In a safety device for railways, comprising a track apparatus arranged in blocks and a car provided with an alarm; a movable arm on said car, a track contact therefor in electrical connectioniwith the track ap' paratus for setting the same and devices connected with said arm for energizin said alarm when moved out of normal position by engagement with said contact.

8. In a safety device for railways, com-. prising a track apparatus. arranged in blocks and sear provided with an alarm; a movable. arm on said car for actuating saidalarm when moved and a supplemental arm in temporary electrical connection with said track apparatus for holding said alarm circuit open.

In testimony that "I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of the subscribing witnesses this 17th. day of March 1908. I

SAMUEL L. ADELSON.

Witnesses GEORGE F. BENTLEY, W. Tnos. BOOTH. 

